Jean Piaget defined intelligence as a superior form of optimum, effective adaptation to new and problematic situations by restructuring the experience data.
Intelligence is a general skill that provides adaptation to the problematic situations that do not have solutions.
Ability to anticipate the possible solutions on a permanent restructuring base of the learned behavior - this is the essence of intelligence.
Intelligence is not a psychological process , but it uses psychological processes, in particular the cognitive process, to do the adaptation: the thinking, memory, language, imagination and perception adaptation.
One of the signs of the intellectual level is the degree of efficiency, this is one of the most important criteria in comparing people.
Intelligence assessment involves all aspects of behavior : success in school, in different social activities, efficiency in solving tasks, overcoming other, success in career and in interpersonal relationships.
In defining intelligence experts use the following abilities of individuals:
- to understand complex ideas;
- to adapt effectively to environment;
- to learn from experience;
- to overcome successfully the obstacles;
Spearman considers that performance in tasks depends on a general factor called factor g and of one or more individual factors. The g factor represents the intelligence.
Thurstone believes that intelligence is composed of more primary abilities. These skills operate more or less independent.
Gardner identifies the following components of the intelligence: musical intelligence, the body intelligence and the interpersonal intelligence.
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